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CVA stands for Cerebrovascular Accident, which is a medical term used to describe an event commonly known as a stroke. This condition occurs when there is a disruption of blood supply to a part of the brain, either due to a blockage (ischemic stroke) or a rupture of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Understanding this abbreviation is crucial in medical settings, as timely identification and treatment of a CVA can significantly impact patient outcomes.

The other choices, although they may seem plausible, do not accurately define the term CVA. For instance, Cardiovascular Aneurysm refers to a localized enlargement of a blood vessel and does not encompass the broader meaning of a stroke. Similarly, Cerebral Vascular Assessment could imply a process of evaluation rather than a specific medical event, and Chronic Vascular Ailment suggests a long-term condition that does not specifically denote a cerebrovascular event. Thus, the correct association of CVA with Cerebrovascular Accident highlights the critical importance of recognizing strokes in medical practice.